L’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y): Structure factorielle et biais linguistique. / The Inventory of situational anxiety and feature of anxiety (IASTA-Y): Factorial structure and oblique linguistic.
Vigneau, François; Cormier, Stéphanie
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. Vol 41(2), Apr 2009, 115-120.
The factor structure of the French Canadian version of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y; Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993), was explored. Both a two-factor (state, trait) structure predicted by the theory associated with the original scale and a four-factor structure (state anxiety present, state anxiety absent, trait anxiety present, trait anxiety absent) have been reported in the literature.
In the present study, 361 university students (147 male, 198 female; mean age of 21 years) were administered the IASTA-Y along with a vocabulary test (Mill Hill; Deltour, 1993). The factor structure of the IASTA-Y was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Three models were tested: One factor, two factor (correlated), and four factor (correlated). Results showed that the fit of the four-factor model was better than that of the two simpler models.
However, correlational analyses taking into account vocabulary performance revealed that the size of the correlations between scores based on the four-factor model (state-anxiety present, state anxiety absent, trait anxiety present, trait anxiety absent) varied depending on verbal ability, thus indicating linguistic bias in the instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
In the present study, 361 university students (147 male, 198 female; mean age of 21 years) were administered the IASTA-Y along with a vocabulary test (Mill Hill; Deltour, 1993). The factor structure of the IASTA-Y was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Three models were tested: One factor, two factor (correlated), and four factor (correlated). Results showed that the fit of the four-factor model was better than that of the two simpler models.
However, correlational analyses taking into account vocabulary performance revealed that the size of the correlations between scores based on the four-factor model (state-anxiety present, state anxiety absent, trait anxiety present, trait anxiety absent) varied depending on verbal ability, thus indicating linguistic bias in the instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Empirical support for psychodynamic interventions.
Curtis, Rebecca C.; Winarick, Daniel J.
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Handbook of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapy: Bridging the gap between science and practice, edited by Raymond A. Levy and J. Stuart Ablon (see record 2008-14828-000 ).
This book is a compilation of peer-reviewed scholarly articles presenting the best available empirical support for psychodynamic psychotherapy to date. It makes a strong and convincing argument to mainstream academic psychology and psychiatry for psychodynamic psychotherapies to be included as empirically supported treatments.
In addition, it provides empirical support for such psychodynamic concepts as defense mechanisms changing during the course of psychotherapy. The book presents converging evidence from outcome research as well as from process research showing that psychodynamic psychotherapy reduces disorder-specific symptoms as well as improves general mental health and personality functioning in a wide range of psychopathology.
The volume provides chapters on research supporting the use of psychodynamic interventions in general and especially for panic disorder, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, and defensive functioning. It also has chapters on empirical measures of psychotherapy process and a section on theory and technique that includes discussions of rupture resolution, affect-focused therapy, and factors leading to sustained gain for depression. Two chapters address the neurobiology of therapy, and five letters provide personal comments on psychodynamic treatment research. The book has two main intended audiences: (a) practicing clinicians who either seek support for psychodynamic theory and interventions or marginalize it and (b) academics.
The book could also be used in a graduate-level clinical psychology course. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
This book is a compilation of peer-reviewed scholarly articles presenting the best available empirical support for psychodynamic psychotherapy to date. It makes a strong and convincing argument to mainstream academic psychology and psychiatry for psychodynamic psychotherapies to be included as empirically supported treatments.
In addition, it provides empirical support for such psychodynamic concepts as defense mechanisms changing during the course of psychotherapy. The book presents converging evidence from outcome research as well as from process research showing that psychodynamic psychotherapy reduces disorder-specific symptoms as well as improves general mental health and personality functioning in a wide range of psychopathology.
The volume provides chapters on research supporting the use of psychodynamic interventions in general and especially for panic disorder, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, and defensive functioning. It also has chapters on empirical measures of psychotherapy process and a section on theory and technique that includes discussions of rupture resolution, affect-focused therapy, and factors leading to sustained gain for depression. Two chapters address the neurobiology of therapy, and five letters provide personal comments on psychodynamic treatment research. The book has two main intended audiences: (a) practicing clinicians who either seek support for psychodynamic theory and interventions or marginalize it and (b) academics.
The book could also be used in a graduate-level clinical psychology course. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Emergent effects of investigating the human brain.
Raz, Amir; Zigman, Philip
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Cerebrum 2008: Emerging ideas in brain science by Cynthia A. Read (see record 2008-04790-000 ). This book features contributions spanning numerous facets of our lives that brain science either has or will likely transform: from medicine, education, and architecture, all the way to the creative arts. Compared with other compilations with a similar flavor, Cerebrum 2008 stands out in communicating a few key issues in contemporary neuroscience while gearing the presentation toward a wide, uninitiated readership.
Cerebrum 2008 successfully captures the promise and future prospects of brain science. Each contribution reports current developments in a major area of neuroscience while amply contextualizing the overarching implications. These readable essays appeal to a wide readership as they provide an accessible glimpse into current issues in brain science, including several that compel us all to reexamine our concept of self. Cerebrum 2008 reaffirms that we have much to look forward to from future research in brain science. Beyond striving for a better understanding of the organ of behavior, neuroscience offers us the potential to transform our brains, minds, and humanity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Cerebrum 2008 successfully captures the promise and future prospects of brain science. Each contribution reports current developments in a major area of neuroscience while amply contextualizing the overarching implications. These readable essays appeal to a wide readership as they provide an accessible glimpse into current issues in brain science, including several that compel us all to reexamine our concept of self. Cerebrum 2008 reaffirms that we have much to look forward to from future research in brain science. Beyond striving for a better understanding of the organ of behavior, neuroscience offers us the potential to transform our brains, minds, and humanity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Mind = Computation.
Adams, William A.
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Computing the mind: How the mind really works by Shimon Edelman (see record 2008-12207-000 ). This book is a unique blend of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and philosophy. It will be well received in a survey course in cognitive psychology focusing on artificial intelligence, or the reverse.
Findings from neuroscience are brought in as examples to support arguments about the computational behavior of the brain, but the neurological coverage is not comprehensive or detailed enough to stand alone as an introduction to cognitive neuroscience.
This book has over 600 pages because a third of each page is a wide margin containing drawings, photos, jokes, curious facts, random quotations, diagrams, and so on. Most of this marginalia is interesting but redundant or tangential to the text proper, adding little more than visual variety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Findings from neuroscience are brought in as examples to support arguments about the computational behavior of the brain, but the neurological coverage is not comprehensive or detailed enough to stand alone as an introduction to cognitive neuroscience.
This book has over 600 pages because a third of each page is a wide margin containing drawings, photos, jokes, curious facts, random quotations, diagrams, and so on. Most of this marginalia is interesting but redundant or tangential to the text proper, adding little more than visual variety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Culture clashes between psychiatric tribes.
Collins, Pádraig
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Cultural formulation: A reader for psychiatric diagnosis edited by Juan E. Mezzich and Giovanni Caracci (see record 2008-12113-000 ).
This book forms part of a body of work that questions certain fundamental tenets in psychiatric diagnosis, that is, that psychiatric disorders exist across cultures in universal, categorizable forms, deriving from shared biological commonalities, identifiable using a common list of symptoms, and treatable using the same "evidence-based" treatments. This essentially is an ahistorical, acultural understanding of mental health distress.
Mezzich and Caracci clearly are members of the tribe who believe that sociocultural factors are central to understanding the origin and expression of mental health distress. They will need some potent medicine, however, if they are to overcome the hostility of surrounding tribes. This book is one source of powerful juju in this regard. In its own way, it's a revolutionary book cloaked in establishmentarian language.
The reviewer hopes it becomes required reading both for students and consultants of psychiatry such that when DSM-V emerges, psychiatry's own cultural revolution will have rescued cultural formulation from the appendices and placed it in its rightful position at the center of the diagnostic framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
This book forms part of a body of work that questions certain fundamental tenets in psychiatric diagnosis, that is, that psychiatric disorders exist across cultures in universal, categorizable forms, deriving from shared biological commonalities, identifiable using a common list of symptoms, and treatable using the same "evidence-based" treatments. This essentially is an ahistorical, acultural understanding of mental health distress.
Mezzich and Caracci clearly are members of the tribe who believe that sociocultural factors are central to understanding the origin and expression of mental health distress. They will need some potent medicine, however, if they are to overcome the hostility of surrounding tribes. This book is one source of powerful juju in this regard. In its own way, it's a revolutionary book cloaked in establishmentarian language.
The reviewer hopes it becomes required reading both for students and consultants of psychiatry such that when DSM-V emerges, psychiatry's own cultural revolution will have rescued cultural formulation from the appendices and placed it in its rightful position at the center of the diagnostic framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Anxious about unexplained symptoms.
Leventhal, Howard
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Psychological treatment of health anxiety and hypochondriasis: A biopsychosocial approach by Jonathan S. Abramowitz and Autumn E. Braddock (see record 2008-10831-000 ).
Abramowitz and Braddock open this interesting volume with the first of multiple vignettes of individuals experiencing and coping with medically unexplained symptoms. The case examples are designed to avoid what they and many clinicians regard as the “largely atheoretical, superficial approach” of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to “conditions characterized by highly idiosyncratic (i.e., patient specific) symptoms and controlling variables” that comprise health anxiety.
A central question is whether the case examples and the biopsychosocial approach adopted by the authors provide the theoretical framework for research that will advance the understanding and clinical practices needed to reduce the suffering of patients living with these disorders. Unfortunately, the list of disorders and of their presumed underlying factors does little more than resurrect the DSM labels the authors had previously discarded. Although the phenotypic properties of each condition are interesting, this book does not provide a convincing analysis of the cognitive and affective processes active in the initiation and maintenance of these differentiable forms of health anxiety.
Criticisms aside, Abramowitz and Braddock’s text will be welcomed at a prime location on my desk and recommended as a must read for my students. The reason is simple enough: It provides a clearly written, broad, and detailed view of a domain of human behavior that complements our work on self-management of diagnosed chronic illnesses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Abramowitz and Braddock open this interesting volume with the first of multiple vignettes of individuals experiencing and coping with medically unexplained symptoms. The case examples are designed to avoid what they and many clinicians regard as the “largely atheoretical, superficial approach” of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to “conditions characterized by highly idiosyncratic (i.e., patient specific) symptoms and controlling variables” that comprise health anxiety.
A central question is whether the case examples and the biopsychosocial approach adopted by the authors provide the theoretical framework for research that will advance the understanding and clinical practices needed to reduce the suffering of patients living with these disorders. Unfortunately, the list of disorders and of their presumed underlying factors does little more than resurrect the DSM labels the authors had previously discarded. Although the phenotypic properties of each condition are interesting, this book does not provide a convincing analysis of the cognitive and affective processes active in the initiation and maintenance of these differentiable forms of health anxiety.
Criticisms aside, Abramowitz and Braddock’s text will be welcomed at a prime location on my desk and recommended as a must read for my students. The reason is simple enough: It provides a clearly written, broad, and detailed view of a domain of human behavior that complements our work on self-management of diagnosed chronic illnesses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Multidimensional international influences on family dynamics, functioning, and structure.
Kaslow, Florence
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 54(16), 2009, No Pagination Specified.
Reviews the book, Families in a global context, edited by Charles B. Hennon and Stephan M. Wilson (see record 2008-10719-000 ).
In this volume, Hennon and Wilson strive to offer a comparative analysis of families residing in 17 quite variegated countries to highlight the diversity of families around the globe. To facilitate this analysis, chapter authors were asked to address certain core family issues: couple formation and marital dynamics, families and children, gender, stress, aging, and other family situations.
The chapters are largely descriptive, even though many of the statements are based on research findings. The chapter authors provide excellent overviews of the dominant assumptions, the sociocultural heritage, and the family structures in the various countries included in this book.
Their overviews include typical customs, mores, traditions, role and behavior expectations, values, religious belief systems, the main and/or conflicting economic and political philosophies that families hold, and the type and kind of educational systems to which the children and adults are exposed. Although the book describes the myriad problems confronting families in the 17 countries discussed, it provides few solutions or recommendations for how families can better cope in a diverse, multicultural, and very large global world. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
In this volume, Hennon and Wilson strive to offer a comparative analysis of families residing in 17 quite variegated countries to highlight the diversity of families around the globe. To facilitate this analysis, chapter authors were asked to address certain core family issues: couple formation and marital dynamics, families and children, gender, stress, aging, and other family situations.
The chapters are largely descriptive, even though many of the statements are based on research findings. The chapter authors provide excellent overviews of the dominant assumptions, the sociocultural heritage, and the family structures in the various countries included in this book.
Their overviews include typical customs, mores, traditions, role and behavior expectations, values, religious belief systems, the main and/or conflicting economic and political philosophies that families hold, and the type and kind of educational systems to which the children and adults are exposed. Although the book describes the myriad problems confronting families in the 17 countries discussed, it provides few solutions or recommendations for how families can better cope in a diverse, multicultural, and very large global world. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
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